Dressed in an assortment of long-sleeved shirts and knee pants, with little padding and no headgear, these 11 young men in Deerfield, Massachusetts, form a line-up for the beginning of a football game. The photographer is unidentified, but care has been taken to include a line of apple trees in the background. Although football was a game played earlier in the 19th century in America, uniform rules were not adopted until 1873.